下肢力线在盘状半月板损伤应用的研究进展

盘状半月板损伤是一种常见的运动损伤,其治疗方法有在关节镜下行盘状半月板成形术、盘状半月板次全切术、盘状半月板全切术等,虽术后短期临床效果佳,但远期临床效果不理想。目前对于盘状半月板损伤手术方式的选择,不同的学者有不同的观点。近年来众多学者研究表明术式的选择及术后下肢力线的改变与盘状半月板损伤的治疗效果相关。本文主要总结了盘状半月板损伤的治疗现状及术后下肢力线的变化情况,阐述了下肢力线的评估在盘状半月板治疗中的作用,为临床个体化治疗盘状半月板损伤提供依据。     

Compositional magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the intervertebral disc: Axial vs sagittal T2 mapping

The aim of this study was to assess T₂ values of the lumbar intervertebral discs in the axial and sagittal plane views and assess their respective interobserver reliability. The lumbar intervertebral discs of 23 symptomatic patients (11 female; 12 male; mean age, 44.1 ± 10.6; range, 24-64 years) were examined at 3T. Region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was performed on axial and sagittal T₂ maps by two independent observers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was assessed for every ROI. The interobserver agreement was excellent for the nucleus pulposus (NP) in the sagittal (0.951; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.926-0.968) and axial (0.921; 95% CI, 0.845-0.955) planes. The posterior 20% region showed a higher ICC in the axial vs the sagittal assessment (0.845; 95% CI, 0.704-0.911 vs 0.819; 95% CI, 0.744-0.873). The same was true for the posterior 10%, with the axial ROI showing a higher ICC (0.923; 95% CI, 0.865-0.953 vs 0.628; 95% CI, 0.495-0.732). The intraobserver agreement was excellent for every ROI except the sagittal 10% region, which showed good performance (0.869; 95% CI, 0.813-0.909). The sagittal nucleus pulposus was the best-performing ROI with regard to intra- and interobserver agreement in the T₂ assessment of the lumbar intervertebral disc. However, the axial NP showed more stable agreements overall and across the value range. In addition, the annular analysis showed better inter- and intraobserver agreement in the axial plane view. Clinical significance: Based on the presented analysis, we highly recommend that further studies use axial T₂ mapping due to the higher intra- and interreader agreement.     

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) as Predictor for Early Retear and Functional Outcome After Supraspinatus Tendon Repair

Supraspinatus (SSP) tendon tears represent a common indication for shoulder surgery. Yet, prediction of postoperative function and tendon retear remains challenging and primarily relies on morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based parameters, supported by patients' demographic data like age, gender, and comorbidities. Considering continuously high retear rates, especially in patients with larger tears and negative prognostic factors, improved outcome prediction could be of high clinical value. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enables an assessment of dynamic perfusion of the SSP muscle. As a potential surrogate for muscle vitality, CEUS might reflect functional properties of the SSP and support improved outcome prediction after tendon repair. Fifty patients with isolated SSP tendon tears were prospectively enrolled. Preoperatively, SSP muscle perfusion was quantified by CEUS and conventional morphologic parameters like tear size, fatty infiltration, and tendon retraction were assessed by MRI. At six months follow-up, shoulder function, tendon integrity, and muscle perfusion were reassessed. The predictive value of preoperative CEUS for postoperative shoulder function and tendon integrity was evaluated. 35 patients entered the statistical analysis. Preoperative CEUS-based assessment of SSP perfusion significantly correlated with early postoperative shoulder function (Constant, r = 0.48, p < 0.018) and tendon retear (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). CEUS-based subgroup analysis identified patients with exceptionally high, respectively low risk for tendon retear. CEUS-based assessment of the SSP seemed to predict early shoulder function and tendon retear after SSP repair and allowed to identify patient subgroups with exceptionally high or low risk for tendon retear. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 38:1150-1158, 2020     

成人退行性脊柱侧凸患者椎旁肌肉退变与顶椎旋转的关系

目的 :分析成人退行性脊柱侧凸(adult degenerative scoliosis,ADS)患者多裂肌、竖脊肌和腰大肌的退变与顶椎旋转的关系。方法:收集2017年1月～2019年7月在我院门诊就诊的ADS患者的临床资料,在顶椎层面MRI影像上测量并计算患者多裂肌、竖脊肌和腰大肌的横截面积(cross-sectional area,CSA)、脂肪化比例(fat saturation fraction,FSF)、凹侧与凸侧横截面积之比(rCSA)、凹侧与凸侧脂肪化比例之比(rFSF)和顶椎旋转度(apical vertebra rotation,AVR)。采用配对样本t检验分析顶椎层面凹凸两侧多裂肌、竖脊肌和腰大肌CSA和FSF的差异,Pearson相关分析分析肌肉影像学参数与AVR之间的相关性。结果:共纳入96例ADS患者,男18例,女78例;年龄64.64±7.18岁;腰椎前凸角20.19°±17.61°;Cobb角24.70°±10.41°;AVR 10.94°±6.47°,旋转方向均偏向侧凸凸侧。在顶椎层面,多裂肌、竖脊肌、腰大肌凹侧CSA均显著性大于凸侧(P0.05),多裂肌凹侧FSF显著性大于凸侧(P0.01),竖脊肌凸侧FSF显著性大于凹侧(P0.05),腰大肌两侧FSF差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。AVR与多裂肌凸侧CSA、腰大肌凸侧FSF呈显著性负相关(r=-0.225、-0.292,P0.05),与多裂肌rCSA、竖脊肌r FSF呈显著性正相关(r=0.396、0.215,P0.05)。结论:ADS患者脊柱侧凸顶椎两侧多裂肌、竖脊肌和腰大肌的退变与AVR显著相关,多裂肌、竖脊肌的退变可能参与顶椎的旋转。     

关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨治疗伴膝内翻的中老年患者内侧半月板退变性损伤

目的探讨关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨治疗伴膝内翻的内侧半月板退变性损伤的早期疗效。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年1月,西南医科大学附属医院骨关节外科收治的伴膝内翻的内侧半月板退变性损伤患者26例,采取关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨的手术方式进行治疗。其中男性18例（18膝）,女性8例（8膝）：年龄43~58岁,平均（49±6）岁。所有患者均为内侧半月板退变性损伤且伴有膝内翻,均行内侧撑开胫骨高位截骨,关节镜下半月板部分切除术缓解疼痛。测量下肢机械轴通过胫骨平台的相对位置、股胫角、胫骨平台后倾角;末次随访时评估膝关节各间室骨关节炎进展情况,采用Lysholm评分、美国特种外科医院（HSS）评分和Tegner膝关节运动评分评价膝关节功能,采用视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）评价疗效。 结果本组26例患者均获随访,随访时间为1.0~2.8年,平均为（1.6±0.5）年。未发现感染、下肢深静脉血栓形成、骨不愈合或延迟愈合等并发症。下肢机械轴通过胫骨平台的相对位置由术前（21.2±3.8）%改善至（59.5±1.7）%,股胫角由术前的（172±4）°改善至（179±4）°,差异均有统计学意义（t=14.257,P<0.05;t=10.572,P<0.05）。术前胫骨平台后倾角为（7.5±2.2）°,术后为（7.9±1.9）°,差异无统计学意义（t=1.628,P>0.05）。末次随访时,患者Lysholm评分、HSS评分、Tegner评分、VAS评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（t=7.684,P<0.05;t=16.521,P<0.05;t=6.284,P<0.05;t=12.359,P<0.05）。 结论关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨治疗伴膝内翻的内侧半月板退变性损伤,能够有效改善下肢力线和缓解关节疼痛,早期临床疗效满意。     

关节镜手术联合富血小板血浆修复肩袖撕裂的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析比较关节镜手术联合富血小板血浆与单纯关节镜手术修复肩袖撕裂的疗效。方法检索自2010-01—2018-12收录在PubMed、Medline、Cochrane等数据库关于比较关节镜手术联合富血小板血浆(观察组)与单纯关节镜手术(对照组)修复肩袖撕裂疗效的相关文献,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析,比较2组术后DASH评分、UCLA评分、SST评分、ASES评分、Constant评分及肩袖再次撕裂发生率。结果纳入10篇文献,共598例,观察组320例,对照组278例。观察组与对照组术后6、12个月DASH评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后6、12个月UCLA评分较对照组高,术后12个月SST评分较对照组高,术后6个月ASES评分较对照组高,术后肩袖再次撕裂发生率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组术后6、12个月Constant评分较对照组高(P <0.05),但术后24个月2组Constant评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论关节镜手术联合富血小板血浆修复肩袖撕裂可以改善患者术后早期肩关节功能,降低术后肩袖再次撕裂的发生率,但是对于术后远期肩关节功能没有更明显的改善作用。